行书的“仰俯”结字规律——以米芾行书为例
行书的“仰俯”结字规律——以米芾行书为例
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行书的结字,有仰俯、转侧、向背、大小、主次、疏密、透气、穿插、避让、高低、宽窄、变换等规律。本文以米芾行书范字为例,并从与楷书结字比较的角度,说明行书的“仰俯”结字规律要领,为书法学习与创作提供参考。
——仰俯,主要指上下笔画右端之间、字的右上角与右下角之间仰俯对应的书写规律。
——通过上仰下俯、上俯下仰、多重仰俯,达到斜中取正、起伏变化的动态平衡效果。
一、上仰下俯
——上边横笔、字的右上角为仰势时,下边横笔、右下角为俯势。如“七”“在”等字和口字底、日字底、同字框、門字框、國字框等偏旁。
二、上俯下仰
——与楷书比较,上俯下仰的写法是更具行书特点的。
——“二”“三”等长横在下者,写为上俯下仰。“更”字等在行书中上横短于下边仰势的横笔,因此上边短横为俯势。
——雨字头、春字头、老字头、虎字头、气字头等,在行书中,上面(或中间)短横往往向右下书写,为俯势,与下面的长横笔俯仰对应。
——这样,既便于上下笔画的连贯书写,又增加斜中取正的生动效果。
三、多重仰俯
一字中有多个横笔时,往往采取多重仰俯的写法。如“春”字的仰、俯、仰、俯。
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参见宋民《米芾行书要领精讲》《王铎行书要领精讲》《二王行书要领精讲》。 江西美术出版社,2019。
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